My Last Duchess
(Robert Browning)
FERRARA
That’s my last
Duchess painted on the wall,
Looking as if she
were alive. I call
That piece a wonder,
now; Fra Pandolf’s hands
Worked busily a day,
and there she stands.
Will’t please you
sit and look at her? I said
“Fra Pandolf” by design, for never read
Strangers like you
that pictured countenance,
The depth and
passion of its earnest glance,
But to myself they
turned (since none puts by
The curtain I have
drawn for you, but I)
And seemed as they
would ask me, if they durst,
How such a glance
came there; so, not the first
Are you to turn and
ask thus. Sir, ’twas not
Her husband’s
presence only, called that spot
Of joy into the
Duchess’ cheek; perhaps
Fra Pandolf chanced
to say, “Her mantle laps
Over my lady’s wrist
too much,” or “Paint
Must never hope to
reproduce the faint
Half-flush that dies
along her throat.” Such stuff
Was courtesy, she
thought, and cause enough
For calling up that
spot of joy. She had
A heart—how shall I
say?— too soon made glad,
Too easily
impressed; she liked whate’er
She looked on, and
her looks went everywhere.
Sir, ’twas all one!
My favour at her breast,
The dropping of the
daylight in the West,
The bough of
cherries some officious fool
Broke in the orchard
for her, the white mule
She rode with round
the terrace—all and each
Would draw from her
alike the approving speech,
Or blush, at least.
She thanked men—good! but thanked
Somehow—I know not
how—as if she ranked
My gift of a
nine-hundred-years-old name
With anybody’s gift.
Who’d stoop to blame
This sort of
trifling? Even had you skill
In speech—which I
have not—to make your will
Quite clear to such
an one, and say, “Just this
Or that in you
disgusts me; here you miss,
Or there exceed the
mark”—and if she let
Herself be lessoned
so, nor plainly set
Her wits to yours,
forsooth, and made excuse—
E’en then would be
some stooping; and I choose
Never to stoop. Oh,
sir, she smiled, no doubt,
Whene’er I passed
her; but who passed without
Much the same smile?
This grew; I gave commands;
Then all smiles
stopped together. There she stands
As if alive. Will’t
please you rise? We’ll meet
The company below,
then. I repeat,
The Count your
master’s known munificence
Is ample warrant
that no just pretense
Of mine for dowry
will be disallowed;
Though his fair
daughter’s self, as I avowed
At starting, is my
object. Nay, we’ll go
Together down, sir.
Notice Neptune, though,
Taming a sea-horse,
thought a rarity,
Which Claus of
Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!
"My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning is a dramatic
monologue in which the Duke of Ferrara addresses an emissary, presumably sent
to negotiate the Duke’s next marriage. Throughout the poem, the Duke reveals
not just the painting of his former Duchess, but also his controlling and
possessive nature.
Key Themes and Analysis:
Possession and Control: The Duke refers to the
painting as "my last Duchess," immediately indicating his view of her
as a possession, both in life and now in art. His jealousy and controlling
tendencies become clear when he suggests that her innocent appreciation of
compliments and beauty diminished her value in his eyes. He objected to her not
reserving her affection and gratitude solely for him.
Jealousy and Power: The Duke recounts
how he felt insulted that the Duchess was easily pleased by simple things, like
the sunset or a gift of cherries, just as much as by his noble heritage. His
irritation is evident when he suggests that her happiness, which came too
easily, diminished his own status. This jealousy is ultimately what drives him
to have her killed, as suggested by "I gave commands; / Then all smiles
stopped together."
Art as a Reflection of Power: The Duke controls
who sees the Duchess now by keeping her portrait behind a curtain that only he
can draw back. This reflects his desire to control her even after death. His
appreciation of art, like the Claus of Innsbruck statue, symbolizes his need to
possess beautiful objects and people, controlling and shaping them to suit his
needs.
Moral and Psychological Insight: The Duke’s
monologue provides deep psychological insight into his authoritarian
personality. He never directly states that he ordered the Duchess’s death, but
his carefully chosen words and cold detachment reveal his callousness. His
claim that he does not "stoop" to argue or correct her behaviour
reinforces his superiority complex.
In summary, Browning uses
the Duke’s speech to explore themes of power, control, and the objectification
of others, particularly in relationships where social status and pride are at
stake. The poem is both a critique of patriarchal authority and a study of the
dark side of aristocratic pride.
Stanza wise summery of the poem.
Lines 1–5: Introduction to the Portrait
The Duke begins by showing
his guest a portrait of his "last Duchess" painted on the wall. He
proudly points out how life-like the painting is, attributing the success of
the artwork to the skill of the artist, Fra Pandolf.
Lines 6–13: The Duchess’s Expression and Others' Curiosity
The Duke explains that
whenever strangers see the painting, they marvel at the Duchess's expression,
particularly her passionate and earnest glance. However, only the Duke controls
who gets to see the portrait, as it’s hidden behind a curtain that only he
draws. He reveals that strangers often want to ask about the Duchess’s look,
but don’t dare to.
Lines 14–21: The Duchess’s Joy and Innocence
The Duke comments that the
Duchess's blush or "spot of joy" was not reserved for him alone. He
imagines that she may have been easily pleased by trivial remarks from the
painter, Fra Pandolf, such as when he said her mantle covered too much of her
wrist, or how it was impossible for paint to capture the faint blush on her
throat. These innocent gestures irritated the Duke.
Lines 22–34: The Duchess’s Easy Disposition
The Duke explains that the
Duchess was "too soon made glad" and "too easily impressed"
by everything around her. She took pleasure in small things, like daylight or
someone breaking off a bough of cherries for her. He grows more resentful as he
lists these moments, noting that she reacted to these gestures with the same
enthusiasm she showed for his prestigious family name—a name that had existed
for centuries.
Lines 35–43: The Duke’s Pride and Decision
The Duke expresses his
disdain for the idea of confronting her about her behaviour. He views it as
beneath him to "stoop" to correct her or to explain how her actions
displease him. He believes that even if he had talked to her about these
issues, it would have been degrading to him, and she may not have listened or
understood.
Lines 44–47: The Duchess’s Death
The duke subtly reveals
that he took drastic action by "giving commands," which led to
"all smiles" stopping together. This strongly implies that he ordered
the Duchess’s death because he could no longer tolerate her behaviour.
Lines 48–53: Conclusion and Transition
The duke casually ends the
discussion about the Duchess and invites his guest to join him downstairs to
meet the other company. He smoothly transitions into a discussion about his
future marriage to the Count’s daughter, stating that the Count’s wealth will
provide a suitable dowry, though the Duke insists that his main interest is in
the daughter herself.
Lines 54–56: Displaying Another Work of Art
As they leave, the duke
points out another piece of art: a bronze statue of Neptune taming a sea-horse,
made by Claus of Innsbruck. This symbolizes the duke’s desire for dominance and
control, paralleling his treatment of the Duchess.
Overall Summary:
The duke reveals his
possessiveness, jealousy, and controlling nature as he describes his former
wife’s portrait. He was angered by her lack of exclusivity in showing joy and
gratitude, interpreting her innocence and kindness as disrespect toward his
authority. Instead of confronting her, he chose to have her killed. His cold,
arrogant demeanour contrasts with the beauty and life portrayed in the
Duchess's portrait, revealing a deeper critique of pride and power.
Contextual word meanings of the poem
Duchess: Refers to the Duke’s
deceased wife. In the context of the poem, it highlights her status as both a
noblewoman and a possession of the Duke.
Last (line 1): Refers to the fact
that this was his most recent wife, implying there may have been others before
her, and hinting that he intends to marry again.
Fra Pandolf (line 3): The name of the
artist who painted the Duchess. "Fra" means "brother,"
suggesting he may have been a monk or religious figure. The name adds prestige
and importance to the painting.
Countenance (line 7): Refers to the
expression on the Duchess’s face as captured in the portrait, especially her
glance and smile.
Curtain (line 9): A literal curtain
covering the portrait, but symbolically represents the Duke’s control over who
gets to see the Duchess, even in death.
Spot of joy (line 15): Refers to the blush
or flush of pleasure on the Duchess’s cheek, which is a source of jealousy for
the Duke, as it was not reserved exclusively for him.
Mantle (line 17): A cloak or outer
garment. Fra Pandolf may have commented that the Duchess’s cloak covered her
wrist too much, causing her to blush.
Half-flush (line 18): The light blush or
reddening of the Duchess’s skin. It symbolizes her openness to beauty and
appreciation, but also triggers the duke’s jealousy.
Trifling (line 36): Refers to the
Duchess’s seemingly insignificant or minor actions that the duke found
infuriating, like smiling or being pleased by everyday things.
Stoop (line 42): To lower oneself or
to humble oneself. The duke uses this word to show how he refuses to lower his
dignity by correcting the Duchess’s behaviour.
Commands (line 45): A chilling
reference to the duke’s orders, which resulted in the Duchess’s death. It
signifies his absolute control and authority over her life.
Munificence (line 49): Great generosity,
often associated with wealth. The Duke refers to the Count’s generosity when
discussing the dowry he expects for his next marriage.
Dowry (line 51): A payment or gift
given to the husband’s family by the bride’s family upon marriage. Here, the Duke
expects a generous dowry but also implies that the bride herself is more
important.
Neptune (line 55): The Roman god of
the sea. The Duke references a bronze statue of Neptune taming a sea-horse,
symbolizing the Duke’s desire to dominate and control, much like he controlled
his Duchess.
Claus of Innsbruck (line
56): A famous sculptor (possibly fictional in the poem) who made the
statue of Neptune. This reference reinforces the duke’s appreciation for art
and luxury, as well as his need to own rare, valuable objects.
Each of these words and phrases carries deeper connotations within
the context of the poem, reflecting themes of power, control, and the duke’s
possessive nature.
Painted on the wall (line
1): This phrase refers to the Duchess’s portrait, but also implies her
confinement. In life, she was free-spirited, but now she’s frozen in an image,
controlled by the Duke even in death.
Wonder (line 3): Here, the Duke
calls the portrait a “wonder,” signifying both admiration and the rarity of the
work, as if it is a masterpiece of beauty that he possesses.
Worked busily a day (line
4): Indicates how Fra Pandolf, the painter, laboured over the
portrait. The duke’s mention of time highlights his close attention to the
creation process, as if controlling not just the Duchess but her image as well.
Will’t please you sit and
look at her? (line 5): A polite question, but beneath it is the Duke’s command to control
how his guest views the Duchess. It reflects the power dynamic he wishes to
maintain.
Earnest glance (line 8): Refers to the
Duchess’s genuine and passionate look in the painting. To the Duke, this glance
causes discomfort because it reflects a part of her he couldn’t control in
life.
Durst (line 11): An old form of
"dare." The Duke says that people wouldn’t dare ask him how the
Duchess’s passionate glance came to be, reinforcing his intimidating presence.
Her husband’s presence only
(line 14): Implies that the Duchess’s joyful expressions or blushes were not
reserved for the duke alone, causing him jealousy and insecurity.
Courtesy (line 19): This refers to the
simple politeness and compliments the Duchess received from others. The duke
resents how she responded to this courtesy with visible joy, as it seemed to
dilute his own value in her eyes.
A heart—how shall I say? —too
soon made glad (line 22): The Duke describes the Duchess as too easily pleased, suggesting
her heart was open to everyone and everything, which frustrated him. He wanted
her joy and affection reserved solely for him.
Favour at her breast (line
25): Refers to a special token or piece of jewelry, likely given to the
Duchess by the Duke. He feels insulted that she treated this gift with the same
appreciation she showed to simple, everyday things.
The bough of cherries some
officious fool broke in the orchard for her (line 27): This refers to a
small, kind gesture made by someone (a servant or admirer), which the Duchess
appreciated as much as she did her husband's noble name. The Duke’s anger
reveals his insecurity.
The white mule (line 29): Represents the
Duchess’s simple pleasures, like riding her mule around the terrace. The Duke
resents how something so ordinary could bring her joy, again reflecting his
need to be the sole source of her happiness.
Approving speech or blush
(line 31): The Duchess’s way of showing gratitude, which the Duke found
offensive because it wasn’t exclusive to him. Her blush—a natural and innocent
expression—was seen as a betrayal of his power.
Ranked my gift of a
nine-hundred-years-old name with anybody’s gift (line 33): The Duke feels
insulted that the Duchess seemed to place his noble family’s long-standing
reputation on the same level as any ordinary gift or gesture. This reflects his
pride and sense of superiority.
Quite clear (line 39): The Duke hints that
he could never express his feelings clearly to the Duchess, suggesting he
either lacked the ability or didn’t consider it worth the effort. It also
reflects his arrogance—he expected her to understand his will without
explanation.
Lesson’d (line 41): Refers to the idea
of teaching or correcting someone. The duke feels it would have been beneath
him to "teach" the Duchess how to behave properly according to his
expectations.
Much the same smile (line
45): The Duke criticizes the Duchess for smiling at everyone with the
same warmth and affection she showed him. His possessiveness made him resent
her openness.
All smiles stopped together
(line 46): This chilling line suggests that the duke ordered her death, as
the Duchess's smiles stopped permanently. It implies that his solution to
controlling her was to remove her entirely.
Company below (line 48): Refers to the other
guests or members of the household waiting downstairs. It creates a contrast
between the duke’s cold, sinister recounting of his wife’s death and the casual
social interaction to follow.
Count your master’s known
munificence (line 49): A flattering reference to the Count (the father of the duke’s future
bride), acknowledging his generosity. This phrase highlights the Duke’s
politeness and calculation in dealing with the Count’s envoy, despite his
darker nature.
No just pretense of mine
for dowry will be disallowed (line 50): The Duke expects the Count
to grant a generous dowry for his daughter’s marriage. He implies that his
social standing and the Count’s wealth will ensure that his financial demands
are met.
Symbolic Meanings:
Neptune taming a sea-horse
(line 55): Neptune, the god of the sea, controlling a wild creature
symbolizes the duke’s view of himself as a powerful, dominant figure, taming
and controlling others—especially his wives. It also reflects his ego and
desire for power, extending even to objects and art.
Substance of the poem
The poem My Last Duchess by
Robert Browning is a dramatic monologue that offers deep insight into the mind
of the speaker, the Duke of Ferrara. Through his narration, the duke reveals
his possessive, jealous, and controlling nature as he discusses a portrait of
his deceased wife, the Duchess.
The duke speaks to an
emissary, presumably sent by a Count to arrange a marriage between the Duke and
the Count’s daughter. As the Duke shows the portrait of his former wife, he
reminisces about her behaviour, subtly revealing his dissatisfaction with her
personality. The Duchess, he complains, was too easily pleased by simple
things—sunsets, compliments, or gifts from others. She smiled too freely and
treated everyone with the same warmth, even though she bore the duke’s
prestigious, nine-hundred-years-old family name. This lack of exclusivity in
her joy and affection offended the duke’s pride.
Rather than confronting the
Duchess about her actions, the duke implies that he "gave commands,"
leading to her death ("Then all smiles stopped together"). This line
reveals his ruthlessness and his need for complete control over her life, and
even in death, he controls how she is remembered, keeping her portrait behind a
curtain that only he can reveal to others.
The poem’s ending shifts to
the duke’s current marriage negotiations, where he emphasizes his interest in
the Count’s daughter and her dowry, while casually pointing out another work of
art: a bronze statue of Neptune taming a sea-horse. This statue symbolizes the duke’s
need to dominate, paralleling his attitude toward the Duchess and others in his
life.
Substance in Brief:
The poem explores themes of
power, control, pride, and the objectification of people. The duke treats the
Duchess as a possession, both in life and death, and views her behaviour as an
affront to his ego. His cold, detached recounting of her death exposes his
authoritarian, egotistical mindset. Ultimately, My Last Duchess offers a
critique of the oppressive nature of patriarchal power, particularly in
aristocratic relationships, where women are viewed as property to be controlled
and dominated.
Browning’s use of dramatic
monologue allows the duke’s arrogance and cruelty to unfold subtly, making the
poem both a psychological portrait of a controlling husband and a commentary on
power dynamics in relationships.
Short questions and answers
1. Who is the speaker of
the poem?
The speaker is the Duke of
Ferrara, who is showing a portrait of his late wife, the Duchess, to a visitor.
2. Who painted the
Duchess’s portrait?
The portrait was painted by
Fra Pandolf, a fictional artist mentioned by the duke.
3. Why does the duke
mention Fra Pandolf’s name?
The duke mentions Fra
Pandolf by name to emphasize the skill of the artist and to suggest that
strangers often inquire about the Duchess’s expression in the painting,
implying that it must have taken great talent to capture her lifelike look.
4. What does the duke mean
by “spot of joy”?
The "spot of joy"
refers to the blush on the Duchess’s cheek, which, according to the duke, was
caused by compliments or simple pleasures.
5. Why was the duke
displeased with the Duchess?
The duke was displeased
because the Duchess was easily pleased and showed the same affection toward
everyone and everything, not just toward him. He resented her open-hearted
nature.
6. What does the duke mean
when he says, “I gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together”?
This implies that the duke
ordered the Duchess’s death, and as a result, her smiles and joyful nature were
permanently silenced.
7. How does the duke
control access to the portrait of the Duchess?
The duke keeps the portrait
behind a curtain that only he is allowed to draw, symbolizing his control over
how she is remembered and who can see her image.
8. What is the significance
of the bronze statue of Neptune?
The statue of Neptune
taming a sea-horse, mentioned at the end of the poem, symbolizes the duke’s
desire for control and domination, mirroring how he sought to "tame"
the Duchess.
9. What is the duke
arranging in the poem?
The duke is arranging a
marriage with the Count’s daughter. The emissary he is speaking to is likely
representing the Count in the negotiations.
10. What does the duke
expect from the Count?
The duke expects a generous
dowry from the Count, although he claims that the Count’s daughter herself is
his real object of interest.
11. What does the duke mean
by “stoop”?
The duke uses
"stoop" to indicate lowering himself, either by confronting the
Duchess about her behaviour or by trying to explain how she should act. He
refuses to "stoop," seeing it as beneath his dignity.
12. How is the Duchess
described by the duke?
The Duchess is described as
having a warm, joyful, and appreciative nature. The Duke, however, criticizes
her for being “too easily impressed” and for treating all people and things
with the same affection.
13. What is the form of the
poem?
My Last Duchess is a
dramatic monologue, where a single speaker, the duke, speaks to a silent
listener, revealing his thoughts and personality.
14. What does the phrase
“nine-hundred-years-old name” refer to?
The phrase refers to the duke’s
prestigious family lineage, which he feels the Duchess did not properly
appreciate or respect by treating it as equal to other trivial things.
15. How does the duke
present himself in the poem?
The duke presents himself
as a sophisticated, authoritative figure who appreciates art and beauty, but
his speech reveals his controlling, arrogant, and cruel nature.
16. What is the setting of
the poem?
The poem is set in the duke’s
palace, specifically in a room where he keeps the portrait of his late wife,
the Duchess.
17. What role does the
silent listener play in the poem?
The silent listener is an
emissary or representative of a Count, who is negotiating a new marriage
between the Duke and the Count’s daughter. His silence allows the duke’s
thoughts and personality to unfold without interruption.
18. How does the duke feel
about his former wife’s behaviour?
The duke feels that the
Duchess was too easily pleased and did not reserve her admiration and joy
solely for him, which made him feel disrespected and insecure.
19. What does the duke
reveal about his attitude toward women?
The duke reveals a
possessive and controlling attitude toward women, seeing them as objects to be
dominated. He expects his wife to behave in a way that satisfies his ego and
sees her as an extension of his power and prestige.
20. Why does the duke
mention the Duchess’s smile?
The duke mentions that the
Duchess smiled at everyone with the same warmth, which angered him because he
wanted her smiles to be exclusive to him. Her openness to others made him feel
less special.
21. What does the duke’s
control over the Duchess’s portrait symbolize?
The duke’s control over who
gets to view the portrait, by keeping it behind a curtain only he can draw,
symbolizes his desire to control the memory of the Duchess and how she is
perceived by others.
22. Why is the duke
critical of the Duchess’s appreciation for simple things?
The duke believes that his
status and wealth should have commanded all her attention. He resents that she
found joy in simple, everyday things, like nature or kind gestures, which he
felt diminished his own importance.
23. How does the duke view
his family name?
The duke views his
“nine-hundred-years-old name” as a symbol of great prestige and honor. He is
insulted that the Duchess did not treat his family name with the reverence he
expected, instead treating it as equal to any other gift or act of kindness.
24. What does the duke’s
monologue reveal about his character?
The duke’s monologue
reveals that he is proud, possessive, manipulative, and authoritarian. He sees
people, especially women, as objects to be controlled and is obsessed with
maintaining his power and status.
25. What kind of
relationship did the duke want with the Duchess?
The duke wanted a
relationship where the Duchess admired and adored him exclusively, treating him
as superior to all others. He expected her to behave in a way that reflected
his prestige and would not tolerate what he perceived as disrespect.
26. How does the duke use
art to reflect his power?
The duke uses art, such as
the portrait of the Duchess and the statue of Neptune, to showcase his wealth,
taste, and power. Art in the Duke’s world is not just for beauty but is also a
symbol of his dominance and control over people and things.
27. What is the tone of the
poem?
The tone of the poem is
cold, detached, and calculating. Although the Duke is polite and courteous in
his speech, there is an underlying cruelty and arrogance in his words,
especially when he talks about his late wife.
28. Why does the duke seem
unconcerned about discussing his wife’s death?
The duke is unconcerned
because he sees the Duchess as merely another possession, and her death was a
solution to what he saw as her improper behaviour. He does not feel remorse or
guilt, but rather a sense of satisfaction in having controlled the situation.
29. How does the duke
manipulate his guest?
The duke manipulates his
guest by speaking in a calm, polite manner, all while revealing dark truths
about his personality and his actions. He uses charm and subtle intimidation to
assert his authority and superiority.
30. What is the
significance of the duke’s final mention of the Count’s daughter?
The mention of the Count’s
daughter at the end of the poem shows that the duke is already looking for a
new wife, indicating that he views women as replaceable objects. It also
reveals his confidence in securing another marriage, likely to repeat the same
cycle of control.
31. What does the duke mean
by “strangers like you” in line 6?
The duke refers to people
who visit him and view the portrait, including the emissary he’s speaking to.
These "strangers" often admire the painting but are too intimidated
to ask about the Duchess’s expression.
32. What is the
significance of the curtain the duke mentions in line 10?
The curtain symbolizes the duke’s
control over the Duchess, even in death. He decides who gets to see the
painting, reflecting his possessiveness and need to manage how she is
remembered.
33. How does the duke
justify his dissatisfaction with the Duchess?
The duke justifies his
dissatisfaction by claiming that the Duchess was too easily pleased, showing
the same affection for trivial things as she did for him. He views her behaviour
as disrespectful to his status.
34. What does the duke
imply when he says, “Who’d stoop to blame”?
The duke implies that it
would be beneath him to criticize or correct the Duchess directly. He believes
it would be undignified for him to explain to her what he finds offensive about
her behaviour.
35. Why does the duke
consider it "stooping" to talk to the Duchess about her behaviour?
The duke views explaining
his feelings to the Duchess as beneath his dignity, as he feels she should have
known how to behave without needing his guidance. He prefers to remain in a
position of superiority.
36. What does the duke mean
by “Then all smiles stopped together”?
This line implies that the duke
ordered the Duchess’s death to stop her from smiling at others. He likely had
her killed because he could not control her behaviour, and this was his way of
asserting ultimate control.
37. Why does the duke use
polite language when talking about the Duchess’s death?
The duke’s polite language
creates a disturbing contrast between his calm demeanour and the cruelty of his
actions. It shows how detached he is from the moral implications of ordering
her death.
38. What does the duke’s
speech reveal about his values?
The duke values power,
control, and social status above all else. He cares more about appearances and
his reputation than he does about genuine human emotions or connections.
39. How does the duke view
the Duchess’s natural kindness and joy?
The duke views the
Duchess’s kindness and joy as weaknesses because she did not reserve her
happiness and gratitude for him alone. He saw her open nature as disrespectful
and inappropriate for a woman of her position.
40. What role does jealousy
play in the duke’s actions?
Jealousy is a key motivator
for the duke. He is deeply envious of the fact that the Duchess responded with
the same warmth and affection to others as she did to him, which leads to his
extreme decision to have her killed.
41. What does the duke hope
to achieve through his monologue?
The duke likely hopes to
intimidate the emissary and assert his dominance, not only in the past
relationship with the Duchess but also in his future relationship with the
Count’s daughter. His monologue serves as a warning that he expects complete
control in his next marriage.
42. What does the duke’s
reference to his “nine-hundred-years-old name” reveal about him?
The duke takes great pride
in his aristocratic lineage, viewing it as a source of superiority. He feels
that the Duchess should have valued his noble heritage above everything else
and resents her for not doing so.
43. Why is the duke’s tone
significant in the poem?
The duke’s calm, polite,
and controlled tone contrasts with the sinister content of his speech, creating
a chilling effect. His tone shows how detached and unemotional he is about the
Duchess’s death, highlighting his cold and authoritarian nature.
44. What is the
significance of the duke’s mention of dowry in the poem?
The duke’s mention of dowry
indicates that he is primarily interested in securing wealth and power through
his next marriage. This shows that his focus is on material gain, not love or
personal connection.
45. What does the duke’s
final line about the statue of Neptune suggest?
The statue of Neptune
taming a sea-horse represents the duke’s desire to dominate and control. Just
as Neptune controls the sea-horse, the duke wishes to control the people around
him, particularly his wives.
46. Why does the duke view
the Duchess’s appreciation for small pleasures as offensive?
The duke feels that the
Duchess’s equal appreciation for simple things, such as a sunset or a gift from
a servant, diminishes the value of the grand gestures and symbols of status
that he provided. He sees this as a sign of disrespect toward his wealth and
power.
47. How does the duke treat
people in general?
The duke treats people,
especially the Duchess, as objects to be controlled. He is obsessed with status
and power and sees others as tools to enhance his own prestige, rather than as
individuals with their own desires and feelings.
48. What does the duke mean
by “The company below”?
The duke refers to the
guests or household members waiting downstairs. This line creates a sense of
normalcy and social activity, which contrasts sharply with the dark revelations
about the Duchess’s death.
49. How does the duke’s
attitude toward the Count’s daughter reflect his character?
The duke’s attitude toward
the Count’s daughter shows that he views her as another possession to be
controlled, just as he did with the Duchess. He is interested in her mainly for
the dowry she will bring, indicating his calculating and materialistic nature.
50. How does the duke’s
description of the Duchess reflect gender roles of the time?
The duke’s description of
the Duchess reflects the restrictive and patriarchal gender roles of the time,
where women were expected to be submissive, obedient, and devoted solely to
their husbands. The Duchess’s independence and joy in life were seen as flaws
by the Duke, who wanted to control every aspect of her behaviour.
These questions and answers cover more aspects of the duke’s
character, the themes of control, power, and jealousy, and the poem’s portrayal
of social and gender dynamics
Questions and Answers based on My Last Duchess by Robert Browning carrying
3 marks:
1. How does Browning use
the dramatic monologue form in My Last Duchess to reveal the duke’s character?
In My Last Duchess,
Browning uses the dramatic monologue form to provide insight into the duke’s
character. Through the Duke’s one-sided conversation with the emissary, the
reader learns about his arrogance, possessiveness, and controlling nature. The duke’s
calm, polite tone contrasts with the dark revelations about his late wife’s
fate. This form allows the duke to inadvertently expose his flaws and cruelty
while maintaining a façade of sophistication.
2. What does the phrase “I
gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together” imply about the duke’s actions
and attitude?
The phrase “I gave
commands; Then all smiles stopped together” implies that the duke ordered the
death of his wife, the Duchess. This line reveals his cold, authoritarian
attitude, as he could not tolerate her warm and open-hearted nature. The duke
resented that she smiled too freely at others and, instead of addressing the
issue directly, he exercised his power by silencing her permanently. It
reflects his need for control and lack of remorse.
3. Explain the significance
of the duke’s complaint that the Duchess did not value his
“nine-hundred-years-old name.”
The duke’s complaint about
the Duchess’s failure to value his “nine-hundred-years-old name” reveals his
obsession with his aristocratic lineage and social status. He feels that his
family name, which symbolizes power and prestige, should have been treasured by
the Duchess above all else. However, she treated his name with the same casual
appreciation as she did other things in life, which deeply offended his pride.
This complaint highlights the duke’s egotism and his belief that his wife
should have worshipped his status.
4. What role does art play
in the poem, particularly the portrait of the Duchess and the statue of
Neptune?
Art in My Last Duchess
symbolizes the duke’s desire for control and possession. The portrait of the
Duchess represents the duke’s ability to control her image and memory after her
death. He keeps the painting behind a curtain that only he can draw, showing
that even in death, he manages how she is seen. The statue of Neptune taming a
sea-horse, mentioned at the end, serves as a metaphor for the duke’s desire to
dominate others, just as Neptune controls the sea-horse. Both artworks reflect
the duke’s authoritarian nature.
5. How does the duke
justify his dissatisfaction with the Duchess’s behaviour, and what does this
reveal about his personality?
The duke justifies his
dissatisfaction with the Duchess by claiming she was too easily pleased and
failed to recognize the superiority of his rank and gifts. She found joy in
everyday things, like sunsets and compliments, and he resented her for not
reserving her affection exclusively for him. This reveals the duke’s
possessiveness, insecurity, and belief in his own superiority. He views his
wife as an object who should have reflected his status rather than having her
own independent feelings.
6. Discuss the theme of
power and control in My Last Duchess.
The theme of power and
control dominates My Last Duchess. The duke reveals his need to dominate not
only the memory of the Duchess but also her behaviour when she was alive. He
could not tolerate her independent spirit or her equal affection for people and
things. His ultimate act of control was having her killed, ensuring she could
no longer defy his will. Even after her death, he controls how others perceive
her through her portrait. The duke’s attitude toward the Count’s daughter at
the end shows that he views relationships as a means of exerting power over
others.
7. What is the significance
of the Duchess’s “spot of joy,” and why does it bother the duke?
The “spot of joy” refers to
the blush on the Duchess’s cheek, a symbol of her warmth and openness to life’s
pleasures. The duke is bothered by this because it suggests that the Duchess
was easily pleased and delighted by things other than himself. He wanted her to
reserve her joy and affection for him alone, and her ability to find happiness
in simple gestures or interactions with others made him feel that she was not
giving him the exclusive admiration he believed he deserved. This reveals his
possessiveness and jealousy.
8. Why does the duke
describe the Duchess as “too easily impressed,” and what does this tell us
about his expectations of her?
The duke describes the
Duchess as “too easily impressed” because she showed happiness and gratitude
for everything, from the beauty of nature to the simple kindnesses of others.
He expected her to reserve her admiration and affection for him alone, as he
believed his status and gifts were far superior to anything else she might
encounter. This description shows the duke’s controlling and egotistical
nature; he expected the Duchess to behave as a reflection of his prestige and
not express her individuality or appreciation for life outside of him.
9. How does the duke
manipulate his audience in the poem, and what is his purpose in telling this
story?
The duke manipulates his
audience, the emissary, by speaking in a calm and cultured manner, all while
subtly revealing his possessiveness and cruelty. He presents himself as
reasonable and refined, but his words betray his authoritarian nature and lack
of empathy. By telling the story of the Duchess, the Duke may be issuing a
warning to the emissary about the kind of behaviour he expects from his next
wife, the Count’s daughter. His purpose is to assert his dominance and make it
clear that he will not tolerate disobedience or disrespect.
10. What does the poem
suggest about gender roles and power dynamics in relationships?
My Last Duchess reflects
patriarchal gender roles and power dynamics, particularly in aristocratic
relationships. The duke expects the Duchess to be submissive, obedient, and
entirely focused on him. Her failure to conform to these expectations leads to
her death. The duke views women as possessions, meant to enhance his social
status and provide him with exclusive admiration. The poem critiques the
oppressive nature of such power dynamics, where the husband’s need for control
overrides the wife’s autonomy and individuality.
11. How does Browning use
irony in My Last Duchess to enhance the poem’s themes?
Browning uses dramatic
irony throughout the poem to highlight the duke’s flaws. The duke describes his
late wife as if she was the one who acted improperly, but it becomes clear to
the reader that the duke’s own possessiveness and insecurity were the real
problems. He criticizes her for being too joyful and appreciative of life, yet
he fails to see that her warmth was a virtue, not a flaw. The duke’s proud tone
contrasts with the dark truth he reveals—that he had her killed—showing his
cruelty. This irony enhances the theme of power and control, revealing how
destructive the duke’s authoritarian nature is.
12. Why does the duke
consider it unnecessary to directly confront the Duchess about her behaviour,
and what does this reveal about him?
The duke considers it
beneath his dignity to confront the Duchess directly about her behaviour,
saying that “Who’d stoop to blame” her or try to correct her. This reveals his
arrogance and his belief that communication or compromise with his wife would
lower his status. Instead of addressing his concerns openly, he prefers to
assert his power in a more extreme way—by having her killed. This unwillingness
to engage in honest communication reveals his authoritarian personality and his
desire for absolute control over his wife without having to justify his
actions.
13. What does the duke’s
refusal to “stoop” reveal about his attitude toward compromise in
relationships?
The duke’s refusal to
“stoop” reveals that he views compromise in relationships as a weakness. He
believes that, as the superior figure, it would be demeaning for him to explain
himself or correct the Duchess’s behaviour. He expects total obedience and
submission from his wife without question. This attitude reveals the duke’s
rigid, autocratic mindset, where compromise is seen as a loss of power, and he
would rather remove the source of his frustration (his wife) than engage in a
mutual understanding.
14. Why does the duke
choose to focus on the Duchess’s “blush” and “smile,” and what do these details
symbolize in the poem?
The duke’s focus on the
Duchess’s “blush” and “smile” symbolizes her warmth, kindness, and natural joy,
traits that made her open to appreciating life’s simple pleasures. However, the
Duke sees these qualities as flaws because he wanted her affection and
admiration to be reserved exclusively for him. Her blush and smile, which
should symbolize beauty and grace, become symbols of disobedience in the duke’s
eyes because they were shared too freely. This focus reveals the duke’s
possessive nature and his desire to control even the most personal and innocent
aspects of the Duchess’s behaviour.
15. How does the duke view
the Duchess’s interactions with others, and what does this reveal about his
insecurities?
The duke views the
Duchess’s interactions with others as inappropriate because she treated
everyone with the same warmth and kindness that she showed him. He interprets
her friendly nature as a sign that she does not value his status and does not
appreciate the exclusivity of his attention. This reveals the duke’s deep
insecurities; he fears that the Duchess’s openness undermines his authority and
prestige. Instead of seeing her behaviour as genuine kindness, he perceives it
as a slight to his power, highlighting his fragile ego and his need to control
how she interacts with others.
16. Explain how the duke’s
attitude toward the Duchess’s appreciation for life’s simple pleasures
contrasts with her personality.
The duke resents the
Duchess’s ability to find joy in life’s simple pleasures, such as sunsets,
flowers, and kind gestures from others. He feels that her appreciation for
these things diminishes the value of the prestige and wealth he offers her. In
contrast, the Duchess’s personality is marked by her openness and gratitude for
life’s beauty, regardless of its source. This contrast highlights the duke’s
materialism and arrogance, as he believes that only his gifts and status should
matter to her, while the Duchess is portrayed as a naturally joyful person,
appreciative of the world around her.
17. How does the duke’s
description of the Duchess suggest that he views her as an object rather than a
person?
The duke’s description of
the Duchess emphasizes her as a possession rather than a person with her own
feelings and autonomy. He speaks of her as if she were a work of art—something
to be controlled, admired, and displayed. He even compares her to other
valuable objects, such as the portrait and the statue of Neptune. The fact that
he orders her death when she does not conform to his expectations further
suggests that he sees her as disposable. This objectification is underscored by
the way he manages access to her portrait, deciding who can view her likeness
and when.
18. What is the
significance of the duke’s control over the Duchess’s portrait, and how does
this reflect his overall attitude toward her?
The duke’s control over the
portrait of the Duchess symbolizes his desire to control her completely, even
after her death. By keeping the portrait behind a curtain that only he can
draw, the duke decides who gets to view her, thus maintaining control over how
others see her. This reflects his overall attitude toward the Duchess as a
possession that he owns and regulates. In life, he could not fully control her behaviour,
but in death, he controls how she is remembered and perceived, showing his
obsessive need for dominance.
19. How does the duke’s behaviour
toward the Duchess reflect the patriarchal values of his society?
The duke’s behaviour toward
the Duchess reflects the patriarchal values of his society, where women were
expected to be submissive and obedient to their husbands. The duke believes
that the Duchess should have devoted herself entirely to him and that her
failure to do so was a sign of disobedience. His decision to have her killed
for not meeting his expectations reflects the extreme control men in power
could exert over women. The duke’s expectations for his new wife, the Count’s
daughter, further emphasize his view of marriage as a power dynamic where he is
the unquestioned authority.
20. Discuss how the duke
uses the story of the Duchess to manipulate the emissary and what his purpose
is in sharing it.
The duke uses the story of
the Duchess to subtly manipulate the emissary by presenting himself as a victim
of the Duchess’s behaviour while simultaneously showcasing his power and
authority. By recounting the story, the duke indirectly warns the emissary (and
the Count) of what he expects from his future wife—complete obedience and
exclusive attention. His purpose in sharing this story is to assert his
dominance and make it clear that he will not tolerate any behaviour that
undermines his authority. It serves as a message that he expects his next wife,
the Count’s daughter, to conform to his standards, or face similar
consequences.
Line-based questions and answers
1. Question: What does the duke
mean when he says, “That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall”?
Answer: This line indicates
that the duke is referring to a portrait of his deceased wife, the Duchess. It
suggests a sense of ownership and control, as he describes her as "my last
Duchess," implying that he views her not only as a spouse but also as a
possession that he can display and control even in death.
2. Question: Analyse the
line, “Her husband’s presence only, called that spot / Of joy into the Duchess’
cheek.”
Answer: In this line, the duke
implies that the Duchess’s blush was only due to his presence, suggesting that
he believes he is the only source of her happiness. This reflects his
possessiveness and desire for validation, indicating that he expects his status
to be the sole reason for her joy, overlooking her independent spirit.
3. Question: What does the duke
imply by stating, “I know not how—as if she ranked / My gift of a
nine-hundred-years-old name”?
Answer: The duke implies
that the Duchess did not appreciate or value his aristocratic status and family
name. He feels offended that she treated his noble lineage as equal to the
gifts of others, revealing his insecurity and arrogance. This line underscores
the duke’s belief that his status should have garnered her exclusive
admiration.
4. Question: What is the
significance of the line, “E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose /
Never to stoop”?
Answer: This line signifies
the duke’s refusal to engage in emotional vulnerability or compromise in his
relationship with the Duchess. He sees any attempt to address her behaviour as
beneath him, highlighting his arrogance and desire for control. The idea of
“stooping” emphasizes his belief in maintaining superiority rather than
fostering a mutual understanding.
5. Question: Explain the
meaning of the line, “This grew; I gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped
together.”
Answer: In this line, the duke
indicates that his frustration with the Duchess’s behaviour escalated to the
point where he felt compelled to take drastic action, leading to her death.
“All smiles stopped together” signifies the end of her life and joy, portraying
his cold and ruthless nature. It suggests that he silenced her joy because it
did not conform to his expectations.
6. Question: How does the
line, “Notice Neptune, though, / Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,”
contribute to the poem’s conclusion?
Answer: This line
highlights the duke’s wealth and status as he shows off another work of art, a
statue of Neptune taming a sea-horse. It serves to reinforce his identity as a
powerful figure who collects beautiful objects, including people. The mention
of this sculpture at the end contrasts sharply with the earlier discussion of
the Duchess, reminding the reader of the duke’s coldness and materialistic
values.
7. Question: Analyse the
line, “Too soon made glad, / Too easily impressed.”
Answer: This line
characterizes the Duchess as someone who readily finds happiness in various
situations, suggesting her open-heartedness and warmth. However, the Duke’s use
of “too soon” and “too easily” reveals his disdain for her innocence and joy,
implying that he expects her to be more discerning. It highlights the conflict
between his desire for control and her free-spirited nature.
8. Question: What does the
line, “The bough of cherries some officious fool / Broke in the orchard for
her,” reveal about the duke’s attitude?
Answer: This line
illustrates the duke’s contempt for the Duchess's appreciation of simple
pleasures. He describes the act of picking cherries as done by an “officious
fool,” suggesting he feels jealousy and irritation toward anyone who could
bring her joy. It emphasizes his possessiveness and resentment toward her
interactions with others, showcasing his controlling nature.
9. Question: What is
conveyed through the line, “Her mantle laps / Over my lady’s wrist too much”?
Answer: This line indicates
that the duke is bothered by the way the Duchess dressed, viewing it as overly
casual or inappropriate. He suggests that her appearance was not up to his
standards, revealing his critical and controlling nature. This reflects his
obsession with appearances and propriety, which further emphasizes his
expectations of her to represent his status perfectly.
10. Question: Discuss the
significance of the phrase, “And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst.”
Answer: This phrase
suggests that those looking at the portrait of the Duchess are curious about
the depth of her gaze and the circumstances surrounding her death. The use of
“if they durst” implies that they are hesitant to question the duke directly
due to his power and authority. This reflects the atmosphere of fear and
intimidation surrounding him, as well as the societal expectations regarding
his position and control over the narrative.
11. Question: What does the
line “Will’t please you sit and look at her?” reveal about the duke’s attitude
toward the Duchess’s portrait?
Answer: This line reveals
the duke’s possessiveness and pride in the portrait of the Duchess. By inviting
the emissary to sit and look, he treats her likeness as an object of admiration
rather than recognizing her humanity. It underscores his desire to control how
others perceive her, showcasing his tendency to display her as a trophy rather
than a person with feelings.
12. Question: Analyse the
significance of the line, “So, not the first / Are you to turn and ask thus.”
Answer: This line suggests
that the duke has encountered similar curiosity from others regarding the
Duchess’s expression and the nature of her death. It implies a history of
scrutiny and fascination surrounding the Duchess, emphasizing the duke’s
discomfort with such inquiries. This reaction reveals his defensiveness and
indicates that he is used to being in a position of power where others are
cautious about probing too deeply into his affairs.
13. Question: What does the
phrase “her looks went everywhere” imply about the Duchess’s character?
Answer: The phrase “her
looks went everywhere” implies that the Duchess was friendly, open, and
engaging with those around her. It suggests her warmth and ability to connect
with others, highlighting her free spirit and vivacity. This stands in stark
contrast to the Duke’s possessiveness, as he feels threatened by her
interactions, indicating his desire to control her affections and attention.
14. Question: How does the
line “I repeat, / The Count your master’s known munificence” function in the
poem?
Answer: This line serves as
a reminder of the duke’s expectations and entitlement regarding the marriage
arrangement with the Count’s daughter. It emphasizes his awareness of his
social standing and the wealth that comes with it, showcasing his arrogance.
This also implies that he expects the Count to agree to his demands for a
dowry, indicating his self-importance and belief that his status should be
respected.
15. Question: What is the
effect of the line, “Who’d stoop to blame / This sort of trifling?”
Answer: This line reveals
the duke’s contempt for what he perceives as minor grievances about his wife’s behaviour.
It implies that he views any criticism of the Duchess’s actions as petty and
unworthy of his attention. This reflects his arrogance and dismissiveness,
suggesting that he believes himself to be above such concerns, and it
highlights his unwillingness to engage in meaningful dialogue about their
relationship.
16. Question: Discuss the
significance of the line, “I choose / Never to stoop.”
Answer: This line
highlights the duke’s refusal to engage in humility or compromise, emphasizing
his pride and superiority complex. By choosing not to “stoop,” he reinforces
his belief in maintaining dominance in his relationships, particularly with
women. It indicates that he values his social standing and authority above
emotional connection or understanding, showcasing a toxic aspect of his
character.
17. Question: What does the
phrase “the dropping of the daylight in the West” symbolize in the poem?
Answer: The phrase “the
dropping of the daylight in the West” symbolizes the ending of the Duchess’s
life and, metaphorically, the end of joy and warmth in the duke’s world. It
suggests a sense of loss and darkness that follows the Duchess’s death. This
imagery reflects the duke’s inability to appreciate the beauty of life and
love, emphasizing his cold, authoritarian nature.
18. Question: Explain the
meaning of the line, “Her heart—how shall I say? —too soon made glad.”
Answer: This line indicates
that the Duchess was easily made happy and perhaps too naive in her affections.
The duke’s hesitation in expressing this sentiment suggests a mix of
frustration and jealousy; he resents that she could find joy outside of his
control. This characterization reveals the duke’s possessiveness and his desire
for the Duchess to reserve her happiness solely for him.
19. Question: How does the duke’s
mention of “good! but thanked / Somehow—I know not how” reflect his view of
gratitude?
Answer: The duke’s mention
of “good! but thanked / Somehow—I know not how” indicates his disdain for the
Duchess’s manner of expressing gratitude. He feels that her thanks are
insufficient or inappropriate, further emphasizing his belief that she should
have shown him greater reverence. This reflects his controlling nature and
suggests that he equates gratitude with submission to his authority.
20. Question: What does the
line “Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity” suggest about the duke’s values?
Answer: The line “Taming a
sea-horse, thought a rarity” suggests that the Duke values art and status
symbols as representations of his power and wealth. The act of taming a
mythical creature symbolizes control and dominance, which mirrors his desire to
control the women in his life. It reinforces his materialistic perspective, as he
sees relationships and art as extensions of his authority rather than
meaningful connections.
21. Question: What is
implied by the line, “She thanked men—good! but thanked / Somehow—I know not
how”?
Answer: This line implies
that the duke feels conflicted about the Duchess’s gratitude towards others.
While he acknowledges that it is good for her to thank men, he perceives her
manner of doing so as inappropriate or lacking depth. It reveals his
possessiveness and jealousy, suggesting that he believes her gratitude should
be directed exclusively toward him, thereby underscoring his controlling
nature.
22. Question: Analyse the
significance of the line, “Perhaps Fra Pandolf chanced to say, ‘Her mantle laps
/ Over my lady’s wrist too much.’”
Answer: This line reflects
the duke’s bitterness towards the Duchess’s interactions with others,
specifically an artist. He uses the hypothetical comment from Fra Pandolf to
suggest that her beauty and charm were frivolously admired by others. The
reference to her mantle implies that even trivial remarks could evoke a
response of joy from her, which he views as a flaw. It emphasizes his
insecurity and desire for exclusivity in her affections.
23. Question: Discuss the
effect of the line, “I call / That piece a wonder, now; Fra Pandolf’s hands.”
Answer: This line expresses
the duke’s pride in the portrait and the skill of the artist, Fra Pandolf. By
referring to it as “a wonder,” he elevates the artwork while simultaneously
objectifying the Duchess, treating her likeness as an artistic achievement
rather than a reflection of her life. It illustrates the duke’s need to
showcase his possessions, which reinforces his status and power.
24. Question: What does the
phrase “all one!” imply about the duke’s feelings towards the Duchess’s
affections?
Answer: The phrase “all
one!” implies that the duke feels all expressions of affection from the Duchess
were equal, regardless of who they came from. He believes her smiles and
kindness were indiscriminate, which frustrates him. This underscores his belief
that her love and appreciation should be reserved exclusively for him,
revealing his possessive and insecure nature.
25. Question: Explain the
significance of the line, “Then all smiles stopped together.”
Answer: This line is
significant because it marks the moment of the Duchess's death, indicating a
stark and tragic end to her joy and life. The phrase suggests the duke’s
callousness and the extent of his control; he has silenced her happiness. It
encapsulates the poem's themes of power and loss, emphasizing the consequences
of his authoritarian nature.
26. Question: How does the duke’s
statement, “I gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together,” reflect his
character?
Answer: This statement
reflects the duke’s ruthless and autocratic character. It shows that he felt
empowered to take drastic action against the Duchess because she did not
conform to his expectations. His casual mention of giving commands suggests a
sense of entitlement and a lack of remorse for his actions, highlighting his
coldness and disregard for human life.
27. Question: What is
conveyed through the line, “Strangers like you that pictured countenance”?
Answer: This line conveys
the duke’s awareness of how others perceive the portrait of the Duchess. It
suggests that he is accustomed to being approached by admirers who are
captivated by her beauty, yet he remains aloof and disconnected. The use of
“strangers” emphasizes his sense of superiority and the distance he maintains
between himself and others, reinforcing his isolating personality.
28. Question: Analyse the
line, “And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst.”
Answer: This line suggests
that onlookers are curious about the Duchess’s expression and the circumstances
of her death, yet they are intimidated by the duke’s authority. The phrase “if
they durst” implies fear and caution, emphasizing the oppressive atmosphere
surrounding him. It reveals the power dynamics at play, where people feel
unable to question or challenge him due to his status.
29. Question: What does the
phrase “the white mule / She rode with round the terrace” signify about the
Duchess?
Answer: The phrase “the
white mule / She rode with round the terrace” signifies the Duchess's grace and
elegance. It highlights her beauty and the joy she took in simple pleasures.
However, in the context of the duke’s jealousy, it also represents something he
believes she should have reserved solely for him. The white mule symbolizes
purity and innocence, contrasting sharply with the duke’s controlling and dark
nature.
30. Question: Discuss the
implications of the line, “Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowed / At
starting, is my object.”
Answer: This line implies
that the duke’s interest in the Count’s daughter is primarily about gaining
another trophy for his collection, rather than a genuine emotional connection.
It indicates his desire to possess and control another woman, perpetuating his
cycle of objectification. The use of “my object” underscores his view of women
as possessions rather than partners, reflecting his unyielding need for
dominance.
31. Question: What does the
duke imply with the line, “Will’t please you rise? We’ll meet / The company
below”?
Answer: This line implies
the duke’s desire to move on from discussing the Duchess, suggesting that he
prefers to focus on social appearances and maintain control over the situation.
It reflects his discomfort with emotional vulnerability and his inclination to
redirect attention away from the past and the darker aspects of his character,
emphasizing his superficiality.
32. Question: Analyse the
meaning behind the line, “I said / ‘Fra Pandolf’ by design.”
Answer: The duke mentions
“Fra Pandolf” intentionally to showcase his awareness of how the artist’s
reputation adds value to the portrait. By invoking the artist’s name, he
demonstrates his sophistication and social standing, using it as a tool to
impress the emissary. This also highlights the duke’s need to assert his
superiority and manipulate perceptions, further indicating his controlling
nature.
33. Question: How does the
line, “The depth and passion of its earnest glance,” contribute to the poem’s
theme of perception versus reality?
Answer: This line
highlights the difference between the superficial beauty of the portrait and
the underlying complexities of the Duchess's life and emotions. While the
painting captures her “depth and passion,” it cannot convey her true
experiences or struggles. This reflects the broader theme of how appearances
can be deceiving, as the duke’s perspective is limited to his own possessive
interpretation of the Duchess, rather than understanding her as a person.
34. Question: Discuss the
implications of the phrase, “But to myself they turned (since none puts by /
The curtain I have drawn for you, but I).”
Answer: This phrase
indicates the duke’s control over who sees the portrait and how it is
perceived. By drawing the curtain, he emphasizes his power to dictate the
narrative surrounding the Duchess. It suggests a sense of isolation and
manipulation, as he keeps the true story hidden from others while presenting a
curated version to suit his own needs. This control reflects his broader
attitude toward relationships and power dynamics.
35. Question: What does the
line, “She had / A heart—how shall I say? —too soon made glad,” suggest about
the duke’s view of the Duchess’s emotions?
Answer: This line suggests
that the duke views the Duchess as naive or overly sentimental, indicating his
lack of appreciation for her genuine emotions. He perceives her ability to find
joy as a flaw, revealing his critical and condescending attitude. This reflects
his desire to control and suppress her emotional expression, highlighting his
possessiveness and insecurity.
36. Question: Explain the
significance of the line, “Who’d stoop to blame / This sort of trifling?”
Answer: This line signifies
the duke’s disdain for what he perceives as petty grievances concerning the
Duchess's behaviour. It indicates his belief that he is above such concerns and
showcases his arrogance. By dismissing these feelings as “trifling,” he
minimizes the importance of emotional connection, further reinforcing his
controlling and unyielding nature.
37. Question: How does the
line “The dropping of the daylight in the West” function metaphorically in the
poem?
Answer: This line functions
metaphorically to represent the end of the Duchess's life and the loss of
beauty and warmth in the duke’s world. The imagery of sunset suggests finality
and darkness, reflecting the emotional barrenness that follows her death. It
underscores the themes of loss and the consequences of the duke’s authoritarian
nature, emphasizing how he has extinguished joy.
38. Question: Analyse the
meaning behind the phrase, “For calling up that spot of joy.”
Answer: This phrase refers
to the Duchess’s ability to blush or show joy in response to compliments,
highlighting her warmth and openness. The duke suggests that her joy was easily
invoked by others, which he resents. It emphasizes the contrast between the
Duchess's innocent nature and the duke’s possessive and controlling
disposition, revealing his frustration at not being the sole source of her
happiness.
39. Question: Discuss the
implications of the line, “And if she let / Herself be lessoned so.”
Answer: This line implies
that the duke expects the Duchess to change her behaviour based on his
criticisms. It reflects his belief in his authority to dictate how she should
act and interact with others. This expectation highlights his controlling
nature, as he desires a submissive partner rather than an equal, showcasing his
inability to accept individuality in a relationship.
40. Question: What is
conveyed through the duke’s final line, “Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in
bronze for me!”?
Answer: This final line
conveys the duke’s pride in his possessions and his need to showcase his wealth
and status. By mentioning the artist Claus of Innsbruck, he highlights his
connections and the luxury of having custom artworks. It signifies that, even
in death, the Duchess is treated as a mere extension of his collection,
reinforcing the themes of control and objectification that permeate the poem.
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